Prijenosna meteorološka stanica za promatrače noćnog neba: 7 koraka (sa slikama)

2024 Autor: John Day | [email protected]. Zadnja promjena: 2024-01-30 09:35

Svjetlosno zagađenje jedan je od mnogih problema u svijetu. Da bismo riješili taj problem, moramo znati koliko je noćno nebo zagađeno umjetnim svjetlom. Mnogi studenti s nastavnicima u svijetu pokušavaju mjeriti svjetlosno zagađenje skupim senzorima. Odlučio sam promijeniti svoj prijenosni luxmetar (za više provjera u prethodnom projektu s uputama Portable Luxmeter) u vremensku stanicu sa senzorom TSL2591. Ovaj senzor je dovoljno osjetljiv za mjerenje noćnog zagađenja. Također, dodajem HTU21D za mjerenje temperature i vlažnosti.

Korak 1: Što je noćno zagađenje i kako ga mjeriti

Noćno zagađenje je svjetlo svjetiljki, automobila, kuća, ogromnih lcd panela u gradu i svakog svjetla koje je napravio čovjek. To svjetlo zovu umjetnim. Za promatrače, umjetno svjetlo glavni je problem vidjeti zvijezde iz grada i moraju otići izvan grada. Za ljude je visoko svjetlosno zagađenje štetno. Također i za drveće, travu i životinje.

Za provjeru svjetlosnog zagađenja vašeg mjesta ovdje možete vidjeti kartu zagađenja svjetlom

To je samo model, a stvarne vrijednosti mogu varirati. Zato sam stvorio taj luxmetar.

Za mjerenje svjetlosnog zagađenja mjerim samo lux i izračunavam magnitudu/ arsek2.

Mogu izračunati od luksa do kandele po suqare metara:

1 cd/m2 = 1 lux

Magnituda po kvadratnoj lučnoj sekundi (mag/arcsec2) opisuje pozadinu noćnog neba (naziva površinsku svjetlinu).

Više o wikiju: Svjetlina površine

Za izračun cd/m2 u mag/arcsec2 koristi se formula:

[vrijednost u mag/arcsec2] = Log10 ([vrijednost u cd/m2]/108000)/-0,4

unihedron.com/projects/darksky/magconv.php

Korak 2: BOM

Za ovaj projekt potrebno vam je:

1. WEMOS D1 Mini ili bilo koji mikrokontroler

(Koristim wemos, jer je najmanji, s usb priključkom, možete isprobati Arduino Nano)

WEMOS D1 MINI (Yanwen Economic Air Mail)

WEMOS D1 MINI (standardna dostava na AliExpressu)

WEMOS D1 MINI 10 kom (Kineska preporučena zračna pošta - besplatna dostava)

USB kabel za programiranje i postavljanje koda na wemos

2. TSL2591 Senzor

TSL2591 (Yanwen Economic Air Mail)

TSL2591 (Kineska preporučena zračna pošta)

TSL2591 (Kineska preporučena zračna pošta)

3. HTU21D osjetnik temperature i vlažnosti

HTU21D (Cainiao Super Economy)

HTU21D (Yanwen Economic Air Mail - besplatna dostava)

4. OLED zaslon 0,96 (128 x 64)

OLED zaslon

OLED zaslon

OLED zaslon

5. Baterija 18650

18650 litij -ionska baterija

18650 litij -ionska baterija

držač baterije 18650

6. TP4056 modul za punjenje

tp4056

tp4056

7. tipke za prebacivanje ili kratkospojnik

swtich crveni umok

swtichers, puno različitih

8. kabeli za matičnu ploču i dupont

mala ploča

komplet za matičnu ploču

9. kućište, stvaram od drveta + traka

crvena vrpca

Prusa 3D printer, nadam se da ću raditi kućište od plastike: D

Korak 3: Krug

Krug je prilično jednostavan:

Spojite sve i2c module (TSL2591, OLED, HTU21D) na SCL i SDA pinove na wemosu (SDA -> D2, SCL -> D1).

Napajajte ih s 3.3 V iz wemosa.

Spojite plus terminal baterije na pin 5V na wemosu i bateriju + pin na modulu za punjenje tp4056 na plus priključak na bateriji.

Spojite sve osnove zajedno.

Korak 4: HTU21D senzor

Kupujem novi temperaturni senzor koji mjeri s točnošću 0,3 ° C!

Ono što biste trebali znati o ovom senzoru (iz sparkfun):

• Koristi I2C sučelje
• Uobičajena točnost vlažnosti od ± 2%
• Tipična točnost temperature od ± 0,3 ° C
• Radi od 0 do 100% vlažnosti, no ovaj se senzor ne preporučuje u teškim okruženjima gdje bi mogao doći u dodir s vodom (poput kiše).
• Senzor od 3,3 V - upotrijebite ugrađene logičke pretvarače razine ili 10 k otpornika za ograničavanje signala od 5 V.
• Samo jedan HTU21D senzor može istovremeno biti smješten na sabirnici I2C

Moj sažetak: dobar je senzor jer mjeri s točnošću 0,3 ° C i oboje - temperaturu i vlagu. Prednosti su I2C smetnje i nedostaci 3.3V, ali to u mom slučaju nije važno.

Korak 5: TSL2591

Ovaj je senzor dobar za mjerenje zagađenja noćnog neba zbog osjetljivosti (do 188 mikroluksa!).

1. su diode s mogućim ir i punom mjerom. Ne koristim ga.

2. regulator napona od 5V do 3.3 V

Specifikacije čipsa (iz adafruit -a):

• Približan odgovor ljudskog oka
• Izuzetno širok dinamički raspon 1 do 600, 000, 000 Broji
• Raspon Lux: 188 uLux osjetljivosti, do 88 000 Lux ulaznih mjerenja.
• Raspon temperature: -30 do 80 *C
• Raspon napona: 3.3-5V u regulatoru na ploči
• Sučelje: I2C
• Ova ploča/čip koristi I2C 7-bitnu adresu 0x29 (fiksno)
• Dimenzije: 19 mm x 16 mm x 1 mm /.75 "x.63" x.04 "Težina: 1,1g
• 2 diode za mjerenje - IR i punog spektra

Sažetak:

188 uLux je savršen, a I2C komunikacija je jednostavna. Možda se problem može riješiti I2C adresom (0x29). Također je regulator na ploči dobar i moguć za korištenje senzora tijekom zime (mraz).

Korak 6: Kodiranje

Trebate ove knjižnice (dodajem ih u jednu zip datoteku):

• Adafruit-GFX-Knjižnica-majstor
• adafruit_gfx_library_master
• Adafruit_HTU21DF_Biblioteka-majstor
• Adafruit_Sensor-master
• Adafruit_TSL2591_Biblioteka-majstor

Kod: možete koristiti moj ili stvoriti vlastiti. Ne zaboravite postaviti maksimalno vrijeme integracije (600 MS) i pojačanje na max (GAIN_MAX) za mjerenje noćnog neba.

Ako pokušate koristiti moj kôd, preuzmite ino datoteku. Kad kopiram svoj kod iz instruktora, nešto nije u redu s knjižnicama

Koristim učitavanje slike mjeseca samo za zabavu. Možete koristiti bilo koji, samo koristite ovu stranicu za dobivanje niza:

javl.github.io/image2cpp/

//https://lastminuteengineers.com/oled-display-arduino-tutorial///https://javl.github.io/image2cpp/ // mcd do veličine https://unihedron.com/projects/darksky/magconv.php… // HD44780 je kontroler za zaslone s tekućim kristalima (LCD-ove). https://unihedron.com/projects/darksky/magconv.php… #include

#uključi

#include #include #include "Adafruit_HTU21DF.h" #include "Adafruit_TSL2591.h" int brojač; // OLED zaslon TWI adresa #define OLED_ADDR 0x3C Adafruit_SSD1306 zaslon (-1); // - 1 za prikaz ponovnog pokretanja s gumbom za ponovno pokretanje na arduino ploči Adafruit_HTU21DF htu = Adafruit_HTU21DF (); Adafruit_TSL2591 tsl = Adafruit_TSL2591 (2591); // proslijedite broj za identifikator senzora (za vašu kasniju upotrebu) uint32_t lum; uint16_t ir, pun; int ulux; float lux; plovak temp; plutati rel_hum; float mag_arcsec2; // vizualni magovi/lučna sekunda² [vrijednost u mag/arcsec2] = Log10 ([vrijednost u cd/m2]/108000)/-0,4 // simboli // stupanj za Celsius const nepotpisani stupanj stupnja PROGMEM = {0xe, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0xe, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}; // eksponent 2 const unsigned char eksponent PROGMEM = {0xe, 0x1b, 0x3, 0x6, 0xc, 0x18, 0x1f, 0x0}; // 'moon_logo', 128x64px const unsigned char intro PROGMEM = {0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 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0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x38, 0xff 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x48, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x80, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0xc4, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x60, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0xf0, 0x03, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x07, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0xe3, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfx, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x01, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x43, 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0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x01, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff}; void setup () {// htu21d htu.begin (); // tsl2591 sensor_t senzor; tsl.getSensor (& senzor); tsl.setGain (TSL2591_GAIN_MAX); // MAX, HIGH MED, LOW, tsl.setTiming (TSL2591_INTEGRATIONTIME_600MS); // 100MS, 200 MS, 300MS, 400MS, 500MS, 600MS // postavljanje za prikaz oled ekrana.početak (SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, OLED_ADDR); display.clearDisplay (); display.display (); display.drawBitmap (0, 0, uvod, 128, 64, BIJELO); display.display (); kašnjenje (1000); display.setTextSize (1); display.setTextColor (BIJELO); display.setFont (& FreeSerif9pt7b); display.clearDisplay (); } void loop () {lux = 0; ulux = 0; mag_arcsec2 = 0; temp = 0; rel_hum = 0; kašnjenje (100); lum = tsl.getFullLuminosity (); ir = lum >> 16; pun = lum & 0xFFFF; kašnjenje (100); lux = tsl.calculateLux (pun, ir); // intenzitet svjetlosti u mikroluksu ulux = lux*1000000; if (ulux <0) {ulux = 0; } mag_arcsec2 = log10 (lux/108000)/-0,4; // (log ((ulux/108000)) /(-0,4) temp = htu.readTemperature (); rel_hum = htu.readHumidity (); display_values ();} void display_values () {//display.drawPixel(120, 50, BIJELO); display.clearDisplay (); display.setCursor (1, 15); display.print (temp); display.drawBitmap (42, 2, stupanj, 8, 5, BIJELO); display.setCursor (50, 15); display.print ("C"); display.setCursor (70, 15); display.print (rel_hum); display.setCursor (114, 15); display.print ("%"); display.drawLine (1, 20, 127, 20, BIJELO); display.drawLine (67, 1, 67, 20, BIJELO); display.setCursor (1, 35); display.print ("ulux ="); display.setCursor (50, 35); display.print (ulux); display.setCursor (1, 55); display.print ("mag/arsec"); display.drawBitmap (70, 45, eksponent, 8, 8, BIJELO); zaslon. setCursor (83, 55); display.print (mag_arcsec2); display.display ();}

Korak 7: Unutra

Ja stvaram vlastito kućište i koristim ploču s dupont kabelima kao što vidite.

Koristim TP4056 za punjenje baterije putem USB kabela (potreban mi je swtich kratkospojnik).

Za uključivanje/isključivanje koristim kratkospojnik.

Za dnevno svjetlo TSL2591 prikazuje 0, a mag/arcsec2 je nan.

Za noćno nebo TSL2591 treba pokazati od 0 do 1000 000 mikroluksa (ulux) i odgovarajući mag/luk2

(cca. 14 do 22 mag/arsec2).

Za fullMoon izmjerio sam 50k uluxa što je 0,05 luksa.